The cultural belief of hegemonic masculinity

The social conviction of authoritative manliness Authoritative manliness is a faith in presence of socially regulating perfect of male conduct that is portrayed by propensity for male predominance. Defenders of domineering manliness hypothesis contend that authoritative manliness isn't really the most prevailing type of articulation in male in spite of the fact that it is the most socially embraced; continually adding to subordinate situation of ladies. Connell (2005) takes note of that authoritative manliness is portrayed by desire, quality, drive and independence and contends that such attributes are supported in guys yet not in females. As he would like to think, Donaldson (1993) contends that domineering manliness concerns the fear of and the departure from ladies; and perspectives it as a socially romanticized structure, an individual or aggregate task and a key procedure for men to subordinate ladies. It is fierce, selective, nervousness inciting, inside and progressively separated. In any case, Donaldson (1993) features that not all men practice it, albeit many profit by it. Besides, it develops the most perilous things that mankind must substance with; it is flexible and consolidates its own investigate, in spite of the fact that disentangling. This article talks about the idea of domineering manliness comparable to sex and social change. Domineering Masculinity: Gender and Social Change The idea of domineering manliness is scrutinized for being confined inside hetero-standardizing origination of sex that essentializes male-female contrast and disregards distinction and rejection inside the sex classifications (Trigiani 1999). The idea to a great extent lays coherently on dichotomization of sex, which is natural versus sex, which is social, along these lines minimizing the body (Trigiani 1999). As indicated by Cornnell (2005) domineering manliness is built comparable to subjected masculinities; particularly ladies therefore there is no women's activist that is authoritative as in the prevailing type of manliness is authoritative among men. Iacuone (2005) sees domineering manliness as the most widely recognized plan for sexual orientation in Western culture as it directs how genuine men ought to carry on and the objectives they ought to seek to achieve through the manliness practice. It is an envisioned develop instead of a down to earth one, with just scarcely any individuals having every one of its attributes, in spite of the fact that larger part hold the rule with most noteworthy regard (Iacuone 2005). In accordance with authoritative manliness attributes, the character of hetero man relies upon his abhorrence of subjected sex builds; thus Iacuone (2005) concedes that domineering manliness sees ladies as items, portrays them as servile and generally proper for household obligations; just being an incentive to men in a sexual limit. The prevailing manly culture impacts mentalities of development laborers, whereby domineering manliness recommends that men ought to be intense, be sufficiently brave to confront threat a nd to overwhelm over others. Such men just view social condition as a favorable spot for chance taking, with the greater part of them seeing ladies as sex objects who ought to be there to engage them and even grasp rape to ladies as adequate (Iacuone 2005). Be that as it may, a little bit of men attempt to oppose the impacts of authoritative manly culture in sex, particularly in settings where men challenge conventional man centric relations with a point of improving womens government assistance (Iacuone 2005). Kimmel Amy (2008) see authoritative manliness as a social perfect of a genuine man, portrayed by society as youthful, wedded, white, and protestant, urban, hetero, white of school training, great composition, tallness, and weight and utilized. They contend that any male who doesn't have any of the depicted character characteristics ought to see himself as sub-par or dishonorable. Sex is an ever present power that characterizes day by day conduct of individuals. Spade Valentine (2010) draw out the manliness differentiate among people as saw by society. They contend that as ladies move on from girlhood to womanhood and join blended sex bunches at work, in schools or play, their voices are regularly disregarded and subjected; they need to screen what they state, how they state it and how frequently they converse with guarantee that they don't command in light of the fact that their sex constrains their investment (Spade Valentine 2010). Gendered examples of conviction and conduct impact people groups lifestyle in day by day close connections, with loved ones. As per Spade Valentine (2010), contemplates shave uncovered that young ladies who violate into young men zone wind up being in the end regarded by their male companions on the off chance that they are acceptable in traditionally male exercises, while then again, young men are bugged and prodded when they attempt to partake in young ladies related exercises in this way strength of authoritative manliness is kept up by denying young men access to young ladies exercises. Besides, the strength of manliness is fortified when young men are disparaged on the grounds that they don't conform to society desires for domineering manliness; consequently they neglect to be adequately prevailing. So as to adapt to pressure from the general public, Spade Valentine (2010) note that most men have figured out how to do the practices that keep up authoritative manliness, while sim ultaneously stifling sentiments and practices that may make them look female. This shows the degree of subjection, dissatisfactions and dread experienced by men so as to keep up their authoritative manliness status in the general public. Notwithstanding these disappointments, domineering manliness accompanies its advantages as it is kept up in a chain of command that is acknowledged by just not many men, with each other individual subjected to them; including ladies, poor white men, men of shading, gay men and men from debased ethnic and strict gatherings. This strength might be standardized in the structure of the circumstance. Authoritative manliness is upheld by sex job hypothesis, which advocates for individuals to gain from societys establishments to carry on in manners that are proper to their sex. As per Trigiani (1998), the sex job hypothesis sees men as forceful, levelheaded, predominant and objective while ladies are uninvolved, natural, agreeable and abstract. The hypothesis further accept that culture esteems qualities of each sex similarly and that these qualities supplement each other in to bring out parity in the general public; whereby ladies are similarly as regarded for their latency as men are for their forcefulness (Trigiani 1998). Nonetheless, Haenfler (2006) sees domineering manliness as a design of sexual orientation practice that solitary epitomizes the right now acknowledged response to the issue of authenticity of male controlled society, taken to ensure the predominant situation of men and the subordinate situation of ladies. Haenfler (2006) mourns that since late nineteenth centur y, the social premise of manliness has been subverted and men barely comprehend being a man. Besides, modernization, quick industrialization, urbanization and the ascent of administration has isolated young men from fathers and destabilized the male provider job. Furthermore, women's activists have tested prevailing thoughts of sex, making it a test for a youngster to make sense of how to take care of business in current days (Haenfler 2006). Haenfler (2006) sees that the youthful mens current feelings of dread and proceeded with disintegration of male provider job may give a memorable chance to men, both on the whole and independently to dismiss the ruinous and thin constraining meanings of manliness and like to make increasingly serene and populist meanings of masculinity. In a culture that commends manly shows of certainty, sexual ability, quality and force, men progressively feel uncertain, barren, frail and weak consequently they have frequently reacted to their disarray and sentiments of insufficiency through restraint, receptive avoidance and getaway from the real world (Haenfler 2006). Haenfler (2006) sees that men who feel like they are losing authority over their work and connections regularly practice extraordinary command over their own lives, wellness, liquor utilization and sexual hungers; consequently turning out to be objects of poise. They respond to emergency of domineering manliness by endeavoring to cl ose ladies out of places of intensity and impact and departure womens impact by withdrawing to male just social conduct (Haenfler 2006). Haenfler (2006) regrets that while authoritative manliness may have its advantages to men as far as open status and manly benefits, it accompanies a cost as men regularly pay with unexpected weakness, shorter live and sincerely swallow their connections and experience the ill effects of mental misery. Different pundits of domineering manliness contend that authoritative masculinities don't relate to real existences of men, accordingly the hypothesis gives an ambiguous and loose record of social mental multiplication of male characters. End Taking everything into account, domineering manliness encapsulates men as unrivaled individuals and perspectives ladies as mediocre and agreeable animals, who should live at kindness of their male partners. It instructs men to sabotage and abuse ladies and individual men who are seen as second rate. It esteems rivalry of progressive system, sexual ability and physical sturdiness to the detriment of human poise, sense of pride and significant serenity. Domineering masculinities frequently stifle their actual sentiments to abstain from looking female as they inside experience the ill effects of mental and passionate trouble to satisfy the general public and live true to form. Be that as it may, with expanding advancement and industrialization, domineering manliness is gradually losing its importance; with numerous ladies expecting the job of providers and ascending to administration positions the same number of youngsters become increasingly more terrified of society characterized manl y duties related with authoritative masculinities.

How to Write Your College Application Essay Yourself

How to Write Your College Application Essay YourselfWriting the college application essay can be a daunting task, but it doesn't have to be. You can apply for admission into a lot of colleges and universities by making it easier for them to see who you are as a person. Not only that, but you'll be saving yourself money because you will no longer be paying for expensive essay services to write it for you.There are a lot of reasons why you should write the essay for yourself and not allow any other people to do it for you. First, if you get into a prestigious college or university you want to make sure that you stand out. You want to make sure that you come across as the best applicant possible so you will not let anyone take advantage of you.The student's college essay is the first thing people see about you when they see your name in the school's directory. This means that they will want to read it over carefully. You want to make sure that you answer all the questions honestly so th at it doesn't leave an unpleasant aftertaste.What many people don't realize is that it is an honor to be selected to write a person's essay. To be able to write such a personal piece shows how much of a great person you are. It lets them know just how much they should look to you for guidance in their future.The life experience is what they will be using to determine whether or not you are the right person for them. In the past, essays were more difficult than they are today. Because of this there are a lot of students who are stuck in writing something that they don't really feel like they can write.Essays have become less tedious with the rise of the internet. They can be written in a flash with a computer and word processing software. This gives them more options to choose from when it comes to the type of essay they would like to write.Students have also taken to hiring applications writers to write their essays for them. However, you need to be careful about letting them have t oo much control over your application. After all, they are the ones who will decide whether or not you are worthy of their attention.Make it easy for them to write the essay for you. There are many resources available online that can help you with this. You just need to use these resources wisely to avoid having to hire anyone else to do it for you.

Books By 2019 Booker Prize Winner Bernadine Evaristo

Books By 2019 Booker Prize Winner Bernadine Evaristo Girl, Woman, Other  may have elevated her visibility in the commercial sphere but Bernardine Evaristo has been writing extraordinary literary fiction for many years. This years joint Booker Prize winner is not just a one-trick pony. Margaret Atwood may be the better known Booker Prize winner, but Bernardine Evaristo is no mere mortal in the world of writing. There is a whole wealth of books and other writing by Evaristo that has long escaped my notice. As well as publishing seven books, she also writes poetry, essays, literary criticism, short fiction, and has created projects for the stage and television. She has earned copious prestigious letters after her name (MBE, FRSL, FRSE) honouring the amazing contributions she has made in the arts. For nearly 20 years Bernardine has been giving a voice to those in the African diaspora. Just read a few pages of Girl, Woman, Other and her genius very clearly comes to light. If youre anything like me, once you read one great book by an author, you want to read them all. Thankfully, Bernardine has a very achievable seven novels and many of them arent too long at all. However, its not always a great idea to read them in order of publication. Below is a handy dandy list of all the books by Bernardine Evaristo and my suggestions on the order of which to read them. Of course, you can read them in any order you please. Just make sure you read them. Girl, Woman, Other If you only read one more book this year, please make it this one. Is it a story about 12 individuals, mostly women? Yes. Is it a story about human society as a whole? Hell yes. This is a novel that states very important messages without even an ounce of preachiness. There are a plethora of characters, not all of them immediately likable but all of them relatable. They love, they fight, they are prejudiced and sexist and often just trying to make sense of the ever-changing world. I have never read anything like this and I plan to keep rereading it over and over again. Mr. Loverman Novels about gay, 70-something-year-old Caribbean men are few and far between. Thank goodness we have this gem to turn to. As with Girl, Woman, Other, Bernardine Evaristo doesnt hold back from stepping into the mire of controversy and exploring the prejudices that different communities would rather keep under wraps. Best of all, she explores it from a place of love. Where there could be judgement, there is understanding. And Evaristos everlasting humour shines through yet again. This might sound like a very award-worthy book. It is. Its also very accessible and brilliant. Blonde Roots I call this Noughts and Crosses for grown-ups. Set in a world where the transatlantic slave trade was reversed and Africans enslaved Europeans, Evaristo explores how everything that has come to influence our attitudes, prejudices, and the insidiousness of racism would be changed. This book invites the reader into a world of critical thinking infused with the dry satiric humour I loved in Girl, Woman, Other.   Hello, Mum A short but powerful book about gang crime in London. Written in the voice of a 14-year-old boy, this short novella steers many readers into unfamiliar territory. Its an emotionally tough read. Youve been warned. Lara Now we enter into the novel-in-verse years. The first novel-in-verse I read was The Poet X and, although Im not a huge poetry buff, I adored it. The same thing happened with this book. This novel traces the lineages of two disparate families through the past and present to one mixed-race child, Lara, and her experiences growing in London in the 60s and 70s. This was Evaristos first published novel and the last one to be published by an independent press before she was snapped up by the Penguin family. Which just goes to show it was the beginning of us all recognising her genius. The Emperors Babe A historical novel in verse. Did I not say this woman is a genius? Also, if youre looking for a historical novel featuring black people in which they are not slaves, here you go. Let your love for her work develop before you attempt this one. Dont get me wrong, its fantastic. But Im not a huge poetry buff so this one did take a little more time. However, this is just the beginning of Evaristos catalogue of powerful and vulnerable black women breaking out of the sole identity of immigrant. Soul Tourists To be honest, I hate the cover of this book. But weve all be taught not to judge books by their cover and so we definitely dont do that, right?   However, this is also my least favourite of Evaristos books. It blends a number of different forms, poetry, prose, straight dialogue, and becomes somewhat of a fantasy version of Along Came Polly. Although it was my least favourite, it might end up being your favourite. Whichever order you read them in, I promise youll be highly enriched by reading any/all of Bernardine Evaristos books. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

Synopsis Of Storytelling Games - 1720 Words

Alex Ingles Dr. Liane Ritchey Sillet AWR 201 - A 6/12/2016 Thesis: Storytelling in games gives the gamers the opportunity to be involved in the game, experience the characters, stimulate feelings like fear and excitement and let the player know they make situations happen and the choices they make affect the outcome as well as motivate them to continue on. Background: After reading parts of The Storytelling Animal, it was clear that storytelling is in everything. As an avid videogame player it was evident that many of the games that people play, like Battlefield, have a storyline. After reading articles from the Proquest database like From Computer Games to Interactive stories, a plan was developing about games and stories. Other thoughts on the thesis were whether video games have stories and traits of their own and should these games have a storyline, especially since it is a game. After researching and a discussion about this topic with the professor, it was decided to do the first thesis idea. The topic is extensive in gaming articles and magazines. Gamers on both sides have an opinion. It seemed that most of the articles read dealt with stories and games rather than just gameplay. An article by Jan Simons in Game Studies discusses the narrative theory extensively as well as the ludology and narratology side. Theoretical Issues: When studying video games one needs to know how human behavior works. Most theories regarding video games deal with the violent actionsShow MoreRelatedIibm Sem Ii - Business Communication5547 Words   |  23 Pagesspeak more quickly than usual? b. Oral 4. What is the main function of Business Communication: c. Persuasion 5. The responsibilities of the office manager in a firm that produces electronics spares is: d. All of the above 6. Labov’s Storytelling Model based on: a. Communication through speech 7. Diagonal Communication is basically the: b. Communication between the CEO and the managers 8. How to make Oral Communication Effective? d. All of the above 9. Direct Eye contact ofRead MoreIibm Sem Ii - Business Communication5547 Words   |  23 Pagesmake you speak more quickly than usual? b. Oral 4. What is the main function of Business Communication: c. Persuasion 5. The responsibilities of the office manager in a firm that produces electronics spares is: d. All of the above 6. Labov’s Storytelling Model based on: a. Communication through speech 7. Diagonal Communication is basically the: b. Communication between the CEO and the managers 8. How to make Oral Communication Effective? d. All of the above 9. Direct Eye contact of more thanRead MoreThe Representation of Women, Men, and Sexuality in Music Videos9715 Words   |  39 Pagesmusic videos and instead has developed a roster of reality and game shows, comedy, documentary, and other genres of programming. List and describe the programming MTV features aside from music video. How does this programming tie into or contradict the themes of Dreamworlds 3? MEDIA EDUCATION FOUNDATION | www.MEDIAED.org This study guide may be reproduced for educational, non-profit uses only. 6  © 2007 TECHNIQUES OF STORYTELLING (3:00) KEY POINTS * Sexualized female bodies are so muchRead MoreEthical Decision Making and Behavior13474 Words   |  54 Pagesapproaches such as utilitarianism, the categorical imperative, altruism, communitarianism, and justice-as-fairness theory. LEADERSHIP ETHICS AT THE MOVIES MICHAEL CLAYTON Key Cast Members: George Clooney, Tilda Swinton, Tom Wilkinson, Sydney Pollack Synopsis: George Clooney stars as Michael Clayton, the â€Å"fixer† for a large New York City firm. Clayton takes care of any messes involving clients, like hit-andrun accidents and shoplifting charges. When the firm’s top litigator (played by Wilkinson) beginsRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesinfluences that shape and possibly distort our outlook on the world. First=person point of view has its advantages, however, not the least of which is the marvelous sense of immediacy, credibility, and psychological realism that autobiographical storytelling always carries with it. No other point of view is more effective in its capacity for eliciting the reader’s direct intellectual and emotional involvement in the teller and the tale. The first person narrator is frequently not the protagonist,Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesexample, politics, abortion, war) and are arguing about it, I . . . a. Find something upon which they can both agree and emphasize it. b. Encourage the verbal battle. c. Suggest that they stop arguing and calm down. 8. When I am playing a sport and the game comes down to my last-second performance, I . . . a. Get very nervous and hope that I don’t choke. b. See this as an opportunity to shine. c. Stay focused and give it my best effort. 9. In a situation in which I have an important obligation and need

Essay on Factors of Development in Adolescent Males

There are many factors that contribute to determining how a young person will develop into a mature adult. This research paper will discuss three of those factors and how they can negatively affect the development of an adolescent male - sexual or physical abuse, self-esteem, and pubertal timing. By the end it will be clear what influences an adolescent’s mental, emotional and physical health, and what makes a male feel capable of being secure in their own skin. The world we live in focuses primarily on females who have been physically, emotionally or sexually abused as children. However, young males are often overlooked as being victims of sexual abuse. Jozef Wawrzyniec Spychala Spiegel states in the International Journal of Sexual†¦show more content†¦Out of the 17 questions asked, those three showed the greatest statistical difference between groups. Additionally, sexually abused males tended to feel inferior to other males more often and are not as proud to be the men that they have become. So it is evident that sexual abuse leads to low self-worth and confusion about their masculinity as a whole. The second factor I will discuss is the self-esteem of youth and its affect on their mental health in adolescence. The study I looked at compared boys transitioning from grade school into middle school (ages 12-14) (Bolognini M., and Plancherel, B. 1996, pp. 233). Self-esteem was defined as â€Å"a person’s feeling of self-worth.† The findings showed that between ages 12-14 there is very little change in overall self-esteem of the boys tested (,Bolognini M, 1996, pp. 236). It is apparent that boys compartmentalize their self-esteem. In essence, if they are lacking in one area like sports, they are able to separate that from performance in school and vice versa. Tangentially, they tend to separate the influence of the opinion of their peers from the opinion of parents or adults in their life. Let’s say a young male gets in trouble at home, he may still be able to run out and play with friends with nothing hanging over him. Young males can find their self-worth through one arena of life where they are strong. On the contrary, if a female hasShow MoreRelatedHow The Body Development Effect Individual Self Esteem And Peer Acceptance884 Words   |  4 PagesAdolescents Physical Development Describe and understand adolescents’ physical development; how these changes affect each genders differently. Researchers have long studied the growth rate of male and females and concurred females mature earlier then their counterparts. It is also important to understand how different parts of the body development effect individual self-esteem and peer acceptance. By the time adolescents transition from the dependent stage of life to the independent stage (beingRead MoreAdolescent Physical Growth And Development1055 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The focus of this essay is on adolescent physical growth and development. The aim is to give a brief, coherent overview of the expected areas of of growth and development during adolescence, the factors that can interfere that growth and the ways in which physical growth can be promoted. Physical Development Many physical developments during adolescence are initiated by hormone signals from the brain during the onset of puberty. In males, hormone signals tell the testes to begin producingRead MoreA Research on Sexually Transmitted Diseases779 Words   |  3 Pagesthe development stage of human beings, it is of significance that they involve themselves in sexual activities. At this development stage, it is of note that adolescents mostly are at risk of contracting STDs. This is in all cultures because sexual activity is highest during the adolescent stage. This calls for early intervention to help them deal with this health problem. Educating the adolescents to abstain, and use contraceptives in early sexual activities, are the most important factors to dealRead MoreGender Differences Of Syntactic Development Among English Speaking Adolescents Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesTask 1: Summary This journal article, â€Å"Gender Differences in Syntactic Development Among English Speaking Adolescents†, written by Hannah E. Cornett, is adapted from Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse, Vol.6, No.03. The main issue Cornett (2014) researched is â€Å"the gaps in the literature regarding syntactic development in adolescence and reports on the syntactic capabilities and discrepancies between English-speaking adolescent males and females†. 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One of the most significant models of psychosocial development was created by Erikson (1963) and the stage related to adolescents is known as the â€Å"Identity vs. Role-Diffusion†, where the one is in constant pursuit of a coherent sense of self during the teenage years. When the teenager is unable to put together aspects of themselves they experience role-diffusion. Later on Elkind (1967) introduced his theory of adolescent egocentrism, explaining the increaseRead MoreDifferences Between Male And Female Adolescents1130 Words   |  5 Pages Adolescents Development Case Study Louise Wright PSY/600 November 16, 2015 Tera Duncan Adolescents Development Case Study Compare similarities and differences between male and female adolescents: Valuable similarities between male and female are any expressive problems that familiarity from preadolescents and adolescents in developing a logical thinking of adult problems in their diversity. Although, capacities in both sexes surpass of social and emotional, are probable to beRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Moral Development1077 Words   |  5 PagesMoral Development What it means to take a â€Å"life span perspective† when considering human development, on the topic of moral development, is that in order to understand the changes and progression of a person’s moral development you have to take in the account that moral development occurs as a result of all the different aspects of life that can promote change, such as social interactions, socioeconomic status, and genetics. The life span perspective uses a multidimensional framework in order toRead MoreAdolescence : A Transition From Adolescence1306 Words   |  6 Pagesplace in society. In some instance, adolescents turn from the legal path and turn to drugs and alcohol. Other adolescence cannot stand the burden of pressure and soon develop social phobias. There are many aspects of adolescence. Physical development, psychosocial development, development of moral reasoning, health promotion and acute care. Timing varies greatly and physical changes happen quickly during puberty. Sexual maturation follows the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristicsRead MoreThe Role Of Self Identity For Adolescents939 Words   |  4 Pageschallenging and significant stage during life transition. In this phrase, the individuals not only developing physical and sexual maturation but also experiencing the development of identity and transitions into social and economic independence (WHO, 2014). This essay will discuss the different concept of self-identity for adolescents, the important predictable and unpredictable elements during the transition, as well as the nurses’ role in relation to adolescence care. According to Erikson’s theory

A Hanging By Eric Blair - 1412 Words

In 1931 â€Å"A Hanging† by Eric Blair, a little-known author from London, was published for the first time in the Adelphi magazine. Blair is a famous writer who is known today as someone who confronted some of the major political movements of his time. Although, Blair did not start his career off as a writer. For five years Blair spent his time in Burma working in the Indian Imperial Police, just like his father, until he resigned in January 1928. Somewhere along the line Blair realized that this line of work was not for him, so he began to pursue his dream of being a writer. This seemed to disappoint his parents; to save them from embarrassment, he began to go by his widely-known pen name, George Orwell. â€Å"A Hanging† is a short essay about†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"How bad could someone be if a happily skipping, dancing, wooly half-Airedale wants to play with him† (Rodden, 73). The most important moment in this story, especially for Orwell, is when the prisoner purposely steps aside to avoid a puddle in his path. It was then that Orwell realized the wrongness of capital punishment. The prisoner was a living, breathing human being whose â€Å"brain still remembered, foresaw, reasoned - reasoned even about puddles† (Orwell, 101). After the noose is fixed around the prisoner’s neck, he began to repeatedly chant the word â€Å"Ram,† which is Hindu for God. It is believed that if you can call out the name of your god before death, then you have good left in you. Everyone knew this and thus they all changed color. â€Å"The Indians had gone grey like bad coffee†¦bayonets wavering† and the superintendent had â€Å"his head on his chest†¦ slowly poking the ground with his stick (Orwell, 101-102). With that the superintendent swiftly motions to the hangman with his stick to get the execution over with, and just like that the pr isoner was gone. The superintendent’s avoidance behavior becomes increasingly evident as the story progresses. In the beginning, he was â€Å"standing apart from the rest of us, moodily prodding the gravel with his stick† (100). It can be said that due to the oath the superintendent made as a doctor- to never take aShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Childhood And The Situations2494 Words   |  10 Pageschildhood experiences. In Bengal, India, on June 25, 1903, Richard and Ida Blair named their newborn son Eric Arthur Blair (Rossi 8). Eric’s mother, Ida Mabel Limouzin, grew up in Moulmein, Burma with her French father who was involved in merchant trade (George Orwell Biography 1). Eric’s father, Richard Walmesley Blair, was born in Scotland the son of a priest to the Church of England (Online Richard Walmesley Blair 1). At the age of 18 Richard joined the Indian Civil Service as a lowly sub-deputyRead More Biography George Orwell Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pagessad death will all be discussed. George Orwell was born in Motihard, Bengal, India on June 25, 1903 (George Orwell 1). He was born into a family in the upper middle class (Orwell, George 1). His birth name was Eric Arthur Blair. He was born to Richard Walmesley Blair and Ida Mabel Blair, who had seven other children. His father was a colonial civil servant while his mother was a house wife. Orwell?s had a good education he won a scholarship to St. Cyprians, a prestigious boarding school (AgathocleousRead MoreThe Themes and Motivations Behind George Orwells 19842682 Words   |  11 Pagesesteemed author was born Eric Arthur Blair, on the 25th of June in 1903. He was born in India to Richard Walmesley Blair and Ida Mabel Blair, approximately 300 miles from where his mother was raised as a child. Eric’s father worked in the Opium Department of the Indian Civil Service and his mother was a stay at home mom. Eric was blue collar by today’s standards; he wrote, later in life, that his family as â€Å"lower-upper-middle class†. (Bowker, n.d.) Eric was the middle child ofRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s A Hanging 1765 Words   |  8 PagesUnder the pen name of George Orwell, Eric Arthur Blair writes an essay titled, â€Å"A Hanging,† to show how capital punishment is wrong. This essay is a past experience Orwell has been across. Orwell changes his view on capital punishment, who has the right to shorten someone’s life. Orwell witnesses a hanging of a Hindu man and realizes that it is inhumane and immoral to take a life away from someone. Although Orwell has helped with hangings in his past he realizes that capital punishment is wrong andRead More Geroge Orwell Essay1878 Words   |  8 Pages‘Orwellian’†¦. It is a frightening word, generally applied to a society organized to crush and dehumanize the individual, sometimes signifying the alienation of that individual if he dares to rebel† (Lewis 13). George Orwell, the pseudonym for Eric Arthur Blair, depicted the importance of the individual in society and the danger of too much community in his literature. Through his personal experiences, however, he explored the ideas of socialism and was torn between the individual and community idealsRead MoreJohn Orwell s A Brave New World And Its Utopian Run On Pleasure Contrasts Starkly By George Orwell1823 Words   |  8 Pagesother authors took this idea of utopia and spun on end in two completely different fashions. Aldous Huxley in his book A Brave New World and its Utopian run on pleasure contrasts starkly with George Orwell s Utopia based on avoiding pain. Eric Aurthur Blair who wrote under the pen name George Orwell was satirical by nature. Many of his stories reflected the world around him in another manner, such as his book Animal Farm paralleling entirely the rise of communism in Russia through the use of farmRead MoreEssay An Analysis of Orwells quot;Shooting an Elephantquot;2832 Words   |  12 PagesShooting an Elephant is one of the most popular of George Orwells essays. Like his essays A hanging and How the Poor Die, it is chiefly autobiographical. It deals with his experience as a police-officer in Burma. After having completed his education, Orwell joined the Indian Imperial Police, and served in Burma, from 1922 to 1927, as an Assistant Superintendent of Police. His experiences as an officer in Burma were bitter. He was often a victim of the hostility and injustices at the handsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Prebooking Scientific Review Paper

Question: Discuss about thePrebooking Scientific Review Paper. Answer: The Title Generally, all the titles relevant to a study are short, clear, concise, and take into consideration of the main ideas in the topic of discussion. Contextually, the title is long and takes long time for one to understand what is expected from the study, contrary to the general rules on topic heads. It is therefore beyond reasonable doubt that the title of the document is not written with regards to the appropriate set rules and procedures. The Abstract Generally, the abstract of a paper usually contains the key findings in a study, objectives, effect of the findings and a conclusion on the document itself. Contextually, the abstract has comprehensively summarized on the idea of value enhanced texturized soy proteins and highlighted the key findings, while taking into consideration the wordings (250 words). However, the objectives of the study have not been covered on by the abstract as it majors solely on the origins and types of texturized soy proteins. It only focuses on the general idea of the topic which is the description of the cooking properties of beef patties and imparting information on the idea of what constitutes a texturized soy protein. Notably, the abstracts study has highlighted on the effects of the study but has not placed them in such a way that they are easily discerned by a reader. The whole idea behind writing an abstract is to clearly identify the main points of consideration and which constitute a particular study to the reader, all which this abstract fails to accomplish.it has a conclusion at the end of the paragraph that forms the thesis statement of the study, and which acts as the focal points around which the paper focuses on. Introduction The introduction is properly outlined with a good structure as the basic components are correctly fulfilled, such as the generality of the information and the importance of the research. As a supporting point, the introductory part of the study has begun by stating the timeframe of the practice of adding soy to meat products, tracing it to the early 1900s.furthermore, the introducing statement continues to evaluate how the method is applicable to the current society in terms of its use as texturized soy protein (TSP). It has gone ahead in explaining the meaning of key terminologies that are encountered in the course of this study such, for example, the meaning of value-enhanced soybeans has been clearly stated. This, in turn, prepares the reader to know the basics of the study and understand that value enhanced soybeans are those which have alterations on the modification of traits either genetically or through traditional breeding of plants. The introductory part has successfully integrated the opinions of authors, which is fundamental to supporting the relevant facts to the topic of discussion. The idea expressed by Bowers, Engler and Drake on the effect of the addition of TSP in compromising qualities and attributes of met produced are true. Additionally, the concept proposed by Twigg and Liu on the effect of adding TSP to ground beef serves to offer a basis for arguement and supporting the facts of the study. Crowe and Johnson observations are also appropriate as they explain the information through stating that texturized soy flour have equivalent patties as those of ground beef. The importance of this study, as outlined in the excerpt, are true as it is mainly for justification of the study, such as understanding of the nature of characteristics of functional properties. Moreover, a supporting fact on its importance is that is allows for the comprehension of ingredients of value enhanced soybeans such as proteins, oils and flour and their role as a as a tool for gaining popularity. Evidently, the truthful nature in which the effects of the study are realized through the easement in the utilization of equipment, reduction of capital investment and the feasibility of value enhanced soya beans is shown. The hypothesis stated at the end of the introductory part of this study is a supporting line on the impact of alterations in flavor by residual oil and enzymes deficiency. The statement of the goals of the study are justifiable as they define that the TSP formed from the value enhanced soya beans has an influence on sensory and cooking features of ground beef patties. Materials and Methods The methods and materials used by the researchers in explaining the obtainment of soybean used in control are true as they support the study. The researchers removed three lox isozyme of soy beans to decrease amino acids and saturated fats levels, and also obtained non-genetically modified soybeans for control purposes. The soybeans with the low concentration of fats were produced at low soy specialists Low-fat soybean meal was produced at Iowa Soy Specialties. In this study, the experimental design input is on value enhanced texturized SP and sensory while the output is about the cooking properties, which are true to the best of my knowledge. These methodologies are true as they support the relevant information to the study and explain them in an easy and understandable dimension. The two replications which were conducted in the nature of sensory analysis and numerous variances are true and validate the methodology used. The selection of panelists was conducted for two weeks, and it achieved the objectives of the study, and fat replacers have an effect on the quality on SP. Finally, value enhances texturized SP has an impact on sensory and cooking properties, and the implications are not too high but moderate. Results and Discussion The arrangements of the relationship between the properties of soy flour and Tvp make it possible for efficient presentation and discussion platforms. Additionally, the colors of patties have been made lighter than that of beef control and there are increased sources of proteins and fats. Although there was no retention of fats and moisture, the cooking and texture properties were very high in TSP extended patties as compared to beef control. There are no views by experts relevant in this field which proves as a weakness in supporting the basis and truthful nature of the whole process. Conclusion This paper lacks a conclusion that usually serves as the re-statement of the problem to facilitate the understanding of what one reads about or writes on. It is an important element of the paper and should not be avoided, lest the information will not have the compelling feeling it ought to have all throughout the study.

Red Badge Of Courage Stephen Crane Essays - The Red Badge Of Courage

Red Badge of CourageStephen Crane HarcourtNew York 1960206 p. I. Storyline 1. Henry Fleming, a farmer and a nobody, wanted to become a hero in war and have girls loving him for his glorious achievements in battle. So Henry decides to join the Union army, during the Civil War. He knew his mother would not like to see him go to war, but it was his decision to make. So he enlists in the Union army. H makes friends with two other soldiers, John Wilson and Jim Conklin. Wilson was as exited about going to war as Henry, while Jim was confident about the success of the new regiment. Henry started to realize after a few days of marching, that their regiment was just wandering aimlessly, going in circles, like a vast blue demonstration. He started to become afraid that he might run from battle when duty calls. When the regiment finally discovers a battle taking place, Jim gives Henry a little packet in a yellow envelope, telling Henry that his will be his first and last battle. The regiment managed to hold off the rebels for the first charge, but then the rebels came back with reenforcements, driving the regiment back. One man started to flee, then another, and another still. Henry was scared, confused, and in a trance as he saw his forces shrinking. He finally got up and started running like a chicken. In the charge ahead, Henry starts asking the soldiers why they are running. He grabbed a comrade by the arm and asked the man "why" not letting go of the mans arm, so the man hit Henry over the head with the butt of his rifle, giving Henry his first Red Badge of Courage. At his regiment he confronts Wilson. After a short rest he again gets back into battle. After the regiment lost that battle, the generals had the regiment marching again. Henry begins to feel that, he and Wilson, are going to die, but goes to battle anyway He was not going to be badgered of his life.. In yet another battle, when Henry and Wilson get a chance to carry their flag, they fight over who will retain the flag. Wilson got the regiment flag, though later in battle Henry manages to obtain the rebel flag. And from there, runs to the front of the line with the Lieutenant, leading the way. 2. Their regiment keeps getting moved back and our losing the battle. But even worse, their men are running away. 3. After they rest, henry and Wilson motivate the regiment enough for them to win the last battle as they lead the regiment with their flag. 4. Henry Fleming, Jim Conklin and John Wilson 5. It is told in 1st person. 6. The battle scenes are hilly, grassy, and many trees around. Most of the battlefields where taken place in Virginia. 7. 1895 8. Of course the Civil War. 9. Slavery and war debts. II. Henry is a hero, which was his dream. He helped the regiment win the battle and motivated them so they would have more moral.

Self-government essays

Self-government essays They were our children. And we owe them a debt. We owe them the dignity, the courtesy, of instilling their lives with meaning. We owe them the promise that we will not let despair engulf us, that we will keep looking for solutions-not magic bullets that will solve event problems overnight, but concrete steps to improve the lives of young Aboriginal people, from coast to coast. Natives such as the Inuit, Metis, First Nation, and Aboriginal people across Canada have been negotiating with the federal government over resources, land claims and conservation of traditional cultural activities. Native Chiefs who are the representatives of the native people stated that their unfairly treated people are facing with high unemployment, hopeless poverty, alcoholism and substance abuse and increase of suicide rates because of language, culture and prosperity of non-natives. Many believe that by having self-government, the natives would regain some control over their own conditions and restore their pride and freedom. Today the issue of self-government, for aboriginal peoples, is one of cultural survival as a distinct people. Self-government will allow the preservation of traditional cultural activities, provide self-worth along with power and dignity and stop problems with the non-native. The idea of self-government has always been with aboriginal peoples in Canada. Nowadays, the power held by First Nations has instead been handed down by Ottawa and given approval by various provincial authorities. However, First Nations claim they do not need this kind of permission from these various levels of government, as the right to self-determination has always been theirs. Because of this attitude or belief, there had been many fights and arguments between the aboriginal people and the non-native people. Native people hunt and fish without license, in other words, break the rules such as not allowed to fish in a given season. Of course, t...

Marketing Plan for Product Line Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Plan for Product Line - Essay Example 1. How the Selected Small Appliance Supports Company G’s Mission Statement The small appliance supports Company G’s mission statement in several ways. In the first place, the appliances are made using very few materials and little energy. This will boil down to decreased cost of production, and eventually, helping clients purchase them at affordable rates. Beside the aforementioned advantage which will have clients saving their money, the pleasing visual features of design are also likely to excite the passions and happiness of the clients. This happiness is in fact a central part of client’s lives. B. Marketing Objectives 1. The target market for the company’s product is very broad, given that it incorporates all the areas that have undergone electrification. The veracity behind this postulation is elucidated by the fact that the new product can be used in a domestic setting. Given that America is entirely electrified, the whole of it serves as target mar ket. The rest of the developed world, such as the UK and Europe, can also serve as part of the target market, since globalization has become responsible for many multinationals. Multinationals, in turn, have the entire globe, continent, or a regional block serving as target market. 2. Four Selected Marketing Objectives for Company G and an Objective for Each of the Four Marketing Strategies (Product, Distribution, Price, and Promotion) Marketing objectives refer to the goals that an enterprise may wish to accomplish through marketing efforts. For Company G, they are: reaching the desired profit potential for the newly innovated small appliance; helping the appliance fit into the market effectively (introducing the brand to the market successfully); ensuring continuance of use by the market (fostering the demand of the product in the market); and improving the living standard of the market (by making the appliance as helpful, efficient, affordable and physically appealing as possible ). The objectives that Company G is intent on using are also four. The company is aiming at making favorable amounts of profit by tinkering with scientific innovation to deflate the cost of production. Secondly, Company G intends to introduce the brand to the market by making it as unique (helpful, efficient, affordable and aesthetically appealing) as possible. Similarly, the company intends to foster the demand for the same product in the market by promoting it, as a way of making both potential and prospective clients aware of the availability of the product in the market. Finally, by strengthening the attributes of the appliance, especially its affordability and efficiency, the company will have improved the living standards in the market. C. Competitive Situation Analysis 1. Classifying Company G’s Products Using the Three-Way Consumer Product Classification System (a) Convenience goods: the product will always be presented in the market as a commodity from which the like ly benefit from establishing cost and quality evaluation is believed to be less significant in regard to the time and effort of the consumer. (b) Shopping goods: The quality of company G’s product will enable the company to present it in the market to rationally make comparisons of the price, fashion, and suitability. This will be achieved by highlighting these qualities in ads targeted at likely and repeat consumers. (c)

Ackermann's Function Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ackermann's Function - Research Paper Example After Ackermann made a publication of his particular function (having only three non-integer functions) a lot of efforts have been done by other authors in the process of modifying the function to apply to various situations, so that at present, this particular function can apply effectively to the numerous variants that comprise the very original function. One of the common versions of the Ackermann’s function is the Ackermann-Peter function, which is a two-argument, is often defined using the non-negative integers m and n as shown (Hazewinkel 2001). From the function below, one can easily deduce that the values are growing and expanding rapidly, even for the tiny inputs (Monin 2003). For instance, take A (4,2), and one can easily see that it is an integer comprising of about 19, 729 decimal digits. Inasmuch as this function has been used widely with success, it has been termed as quite ineffective especially when it comes to computing complex numbers, making the process very slow. The complexity associated with this function often grows quite fast, especially when it comes to its memory and run-time. For this reason, it is often the best and widely used in the process of teaching learners some of the complex types of various recursions. Additionally, it is also used as a test case especially when it comes to compiler development used in optimizing recursions. The numbers used in the illustration for the issue of A (4, n) seem to be quite large, such that one can describe the Ackermann’s function as being extremely slow especially when it comes to computing very large numbers (Sundblad 2003). Inasmuch as the numbers tend to grow very quickly, this function is often concerned with making recursions and subtractions. Following this realization, one can therefore devise some other shortcuts that can bring about another function deemed efficient and effective as shown. The sequence of numbers

How To Develop Pricing Strategy For A Product Marketing Essay

How To Develop Pricing Strategy For A Product Marketing Essay This Paper tries to link between the first two components of a marketing mix: product strategy and pricing strategy. In order to help decision makers to define the optimum pricing strategy for product mix. Marketers broadly define a product as a bundle of physical, service, and symbolic attributes designed to satisfy consumer wants. Therefore, product strategy involves considerably more than producing a physical good or service. It is a total product concept that includes decisions about package design, brand name, trademarks, warranties, guarantees, product image, and new-product development. The second element of the marketing mix is pricing strategy. Price is the exchange value of a good or service. An item is worth only what someone else is willing to pay for it. In a primitive society, the exchange value may be determined by trading a good for some other commodity. Pricing strategy deals with the multitude of factors that influence the setting of a price. Table of Contents Introduction This paper will review each of the variables that affect the optimum pricing strategies of a product, the researcher will start with defining The product and exploring how product classification can affect the product mix decision in the firm, then researcher will study the product life cycle and how it can affect the pricing and marketing strategies during the different stages of the cycle. Secondly the researcher will tackle the pricing as one of the marketing strategies and what can affect the pricing strategy either internally from inside the firm or externally from outside the firm, finally researcher will define the linkage between pricing strategy, marketing strategy and the product mix. Problem Statement How to define the optimum pricing strategy for product mix as part of the firm marketing strategy Research Questions What is a product and how product classification can affect the Product mix decision for a firm? What is the linkage between the product life cycle and marketing strategy? What are the different pricing objectives? What factors are affecting the pricing strategy for a product? What is the linkage between pricing strategy, product and marketing strategy? Marketing Strategies Marketing Planning begins with formulating an offering to meet target customers needs or wants, where the customer will judge this offering by mainly two elements; product features and quality, and price. (Kotler Keller, 2009) Before a new product launch, marketers create marketing programs to maximize the chance of success. This is often a challenging managerial decision because, to set the appropriate pricing levels, managers must have reliable estimates as to how sales would respond to different levels of a marketing-mix variable. (JACKIE LUAN SUDHIR, 2010). The long term performance of mature product will be affected by the integrated marketing strategy including pricing (BERK ATAMAN, VAN HEERDE, MELA, 2010). Product Product is no more a tangible offering, but it can be more than that, Product can be anything that is offered to a market to satisfy a want or a need, including physical goods, services, experiences, events, persons, places, properties, organizations, information, and ideas. (Kotler Keller, 2009) There are many aspects of product development to consider. A product or service has features: function, appearance, packing, and guarantees of performance that help people solve problems. When designing a product, marketers should address the issue of product classes. (Smith Strand, 2008) Product Classification Products are classified on the basis of; durability, tangibility and use (consumer or industrial), where each product type has its appropriate marketing strategy. (Kotler Keller, 2009) Durability and Tangibility: The products can be sub-classified into three categories according to the durability and tangibility; where goods can be either nondurable goods, durable goods or a service. Nondurable Goods will be tangible, normally consumed in one or a few uses and they are purchased frequently, such as soap. Durable Goods are tangible goods that survive many uses, such as refrigerators. Services are intangible, inseparable and perishable products. Consumer Goods Classification: According to the consumers shopping habits; products can be sub-classified into convenience, shopping, specialty, and unsought products. Consumer purchase Convenience Goods frequently and with minimum efforts such as soaps and soft drinks. When the consumer characteristically compare on bases of suitability, quality and price, this is a Shopping Goods such as furniture. Specialty Goods are goods with unique characteristics for which a sufficient numbers of consumers are willing to make a special purchasing effort such as sportive cars. There are another category of goods that consumer doesnt normally think of buying such as life insurance which is classified as Unsought Goods. Industrial Goods Classification: According to the goods relative cost and how they enter the production process; Industrial goods can be sub classified into Material and Parts, Capital Items, and Supplies and Business Services. Material and Parts are goods that enter the manufacturers product completely such as raw materials. Capital Items are long lasting goods that facilitate developing or managing the finished products, such as buildings and heavy equipment. Supplies and Business Services are short-term goods and services that facilitate developing or managing the finished goods, such as maintenance and repair. Product Mix The Product Mix is the totality of product lines offered by a company. Product mix decisions involve varying their width, depth and consistency. Mix width refers to the number of different product lines the company carries. Mix consistency includes assessing the relationship between product lines in terms of common end uses, prices, distribution outlets and markets served. (Clemente, 2002) Before a new product launch, marketers have to create marketing programs to maximize the chance of success. In other words, they must forecast the market responsiveness to various marketing-mix variables. Although there is substantial literature on new product sales forecasting, there has been scant research related to forecasting marketing-mix responsiveness before a new product launch. (JACKIE LUAN SUDHIR, 2010) Determining the product-mix is one of the most important decisions relating to planning. Such decision implies utilizing limited resources to maximize the net value of the output from the production facilities. The quantity produced from each product in a certain time period results in utilizing certain resources for that time, consuming certain amount of raw materials, using certain labor skills and various production centers, and so on. The objective of the product-mix decision in the overall production plan is to find the product mix and the production program that maximizes the total contribution to profit/throughput subject to constraints imposed by resource limitations, market demand, and sales forecast. (Al-Aomar, 2000) The product designer should take into account both marketing and engineering considerations concurrently in a product line design. (LUO, 2011) Linkage between Product Classification and Product Mix In offering a product line, companies should offer basic platform of products and modules that can be added to meet different customers requirements, this approach enables companies to offer variety of products and to lower their production cost, therefore; each product line manager has to know the sales and profits of each item in his product line in order to determine which product mix strategy to implement, and to know which items to build, maintain, harvest, or divest. (Kotler Keller, 2009) Product classification has implication on how companies will formulate their product mixtures and what marketing strategies will be applied per each product mix, knowing at what class is the product along with well orientation of the product mix will be positively beneficial for both to the producer as well as to the consumers. The followings are some relations between product classification and product mix. (ADEOTI, 2010) Durability and Tangibility Classification and Product Mix: For durable and non-durable goods, there is a reflection on the life expectancy of the product. These classifications have strategic implications to the producer. Durable products are purchased infrequently and require personal selling. Perishable products need speedy distribution and luxury goods can be priced highly. Consumer Goods Classification and Product Mix: Convenience goods could be staples like food items bought on regular basis often by habit. It could also be impulsive items which are purchased, not because of planning but because of strongly felt need. It could also be emergency products which are needed to solve an immediate crisis. Brand Name would be very important for staple products while impulse products require a captivating packaging signal that will attract the consumers. For emergency products the consumers are less sensitive to price, therefore it is a circumstantial product. The understanding, of the buying behavior of the consumers for each of these sub-categories of convenience goods and the product characteristics will inform the producer on the appropriate marketing strategy options to be taken for higher returns. Shopping goods are bought rather infrequently and are used up very slowly. For homogenous shopping goods the prices should be relatively in the same range with other products in the same homogenous shopping goods category. For heterogeneous shopping goods consumers should consider the tangible features of these products and the associated services on offer before making a buying decision. Consumers are not usually sensitive to prices of heterogeneous shopping goods provided the product has some demonstrable advantage over its competitors. Promotional activity for this category of shopping goods should focus on pointing out unique attributes of the product rather than low prices. Specialty goods are products that have no acceptable substitutes in the mind of the consumer, where the uniqueness and superiority of the Specialty product stems from unrivalled quality superiority or design exclusivity. Specialty brands are what should be created. Producer should be encouraged by this superiority complex of the buyers and should not demean the quality. Consumers of such products are insensitive to price. Hence the mark up could be high for the targeted market, for unsought products, the consumer has no felt need for it. Many new products fall into this category, until their usefulness is known the consumer is not disposed to buying them. Personal selling and wide advertisement is required for unsought goods. There may be a need to even launch the product officially in the market place. Industrial Goods Classification and Product Mix: Installations goods are long-lasting products that are not bought very often. The number of potential buyers at any given time is usually small. These consist of buildings and fixed equipment. The producer must design it to specification and to supply post sale services. Accessory equipment; these comprise of portable factory equipment and tools. This equipment does not become part of the finished product; they simply help in the production process. Quality features, price and services are major considerations in vendor selection. Raw materials; these are goods that have been produced only enough to make handling convenient and safe. They enter the manufacturing process basically in their natural state. They originate either from agriculture or from industries such as mining and lumbering. Examples are cotton, man cue, crude oil and most farm produce. Fabricating materials; these undergo some degree of initial processing before they enter the product manufacturing process. This may be a relatively basic step such as changing iron ore into pig iron or wheat into flour. In other cases an ingredient may be completely prefabricated, such as an automobile tire or an electric motor for home appliance. The more complicated a product is, the more likely it is to contain both raw and fabricating materials. Facilitating goods; these are operating supplies that are used up in the operation of the firm but do not become part of the product. They are usually budgeted as expenses and have short life. The purpose of such goods is to keep the foundation goods functioning properly and to help in the handling and supply of the entering goods. Examples are lubricating oil; saw blades, cider forms and labels. The Product Life Cycle Product life-cycle (PLC) like human beings, products also have an arc. From birth to death, human beings pass through various stages e.g. birth, growth, maturity, decline and death. A similar life-cycle is seen in the case of products. The product life cycle goes through multiple phases, involves many professional disciplines, and requires many skills, tools and processes. Product life cycle (PLC) has to do with the life of a product in the market with respect to business/commercial costs and sales measures. (Niemann, Tichkiewitch, Westkà ¤mper, 2008) Product value and life are usually expected to follow the product life cycle (PLC), wherein products are expected to move from an investment toward a profitable mature peak that ends when the product is phased out. However; Christiansen et al assume that the value of a product is relational and that relationships between products and consumers are created, broken, and recreated. Value creation is a never-ending process, in that the product should be considered to be a process by which value constructions are constantly negotiated in actor networks. (Christiansen, Varnes, Gasparin, Storm-Nielsen, Vinther, 2010) Christiansen et al (2010) have concluded some actors that make the product timeless: Flexibility and adaptability that make it possible for the product to travel to new places and participate in new qualification processes and attach to new actors and be part of new networks. The ability to connect to different networks simultaneously as part of a network that stresses the high-end market attaching to the need for having a distinctive product to some, being a classical piece of sculpture-furniture to others and being related to contemporary artistic expressions to yet others. A strong core that provides the product with a unique and significant identity or expression, allowing for temporal interpretations or additions and modifications. Framing devices that help to position the product in settings that continue to present the product as relevant and useful in changing networks in a context in which others are constantly trying to get customers to attach to other networks. Serendipity-as fortune and misfortune cannot be accurately predicted or calculated when the out- come is a product of multiple connections over long time spans among potentially numerous human and non-human actors. Linkage between Product Life Cycle and marketing Strategies The product life cycle concept provides important insights for the marketing planner in anticipating developments throughout the various stages of a products life. Knowledge that profits assume a predictable pattern through the stages and that promotional emphasis must shift from product information in the early stages to heavy promotion of competing brands in the later ones should improve product planning decisions. Since marketing programs will be modified at each stage in the life cycle, an understanding of the characteristics of all four product life cycle stages is critical in formulating successful strategies. (Skidmore, 2005) Skidmore (2005) has divided the product life cycle into mainly four stages; Introduction Stage In the early stages of the product life cycle, the firm attempts to promote demand for its new market offering. Because neither consumers nor distributors may be aware of the product, marketers must use promotional programs to inform the market of the items availability and explain its features, uses, and benefits. New-product development and introductory promotional campaigns are expensive and commonly lead to losses in the first stage of the product life cycle. Yet these expenditures are necessary if the firm is to profit later. Growth Sales climb quickly during the products growth stage as new customers join the early users who are now repurchasing the item. Person-to-person referrals and continued advertising by the firm induce others to make trial purchases. The company also begins to earn profits on the new product. But this encourages competitors to enter the field with similar offerings. Price competition appears in the growth stage, and total industry profits peak in the later part of this stage. To gain a larger share of a growing market, firms may develop different versions of a product to target specific segments. Maturity Industry sales at first increase in the maturity stage, but eventually reach a saturation level at which further expansion is difficult. Competition also intensifies, increasing the availability of the product. Firms concentrate on capturing competitors customers, often dropping prices to further their appeal. Sales volume fades late in the maturity stage, and some of the weaker competitors leave the market. Firms spend heavily on promoting mature products to protect their market share and to distinguish their products from those of competitors. Decline Sales continue to fall in the decline stage of the product life cycle. Profits also decline and may become losses as further price cutting occurs in the reduced market for the item. The decline stage is usually caused by a product innovation or a shift in consumer preferences. The decline stage of an old product can also be the growth stage for a new product. Pricing The meaning of the price is broader than the traditional definition The price of a product or service is the number of monetary units a customer has to pay to receive one unit of that product or service. (Blois, Gijsbrechts, Campo, Oxford Textbook of Marketing, 2000) Blois et al (2000) have believed more in Hurt and Speh definition of the pricing where they believe that the cost of an industrial good includes much more than the sellers price, where they have concluded that implications of pricing is crucial to managers facing the pricing decision, therefore decision-makers have to consider the multidimensional view on prices. Additionally they have to recognize that complex pricing schemes may be needed, including a system of prices for different types of customers, product packages, and time periods. This observation is the essence of strategic pricing. Pricing strategy STRATEGY is the means by which an organization seeks to achieve its objectives (Adrian., 2000) Adrian (2000) explained how Strategic decisions about pricing cannot be made in isolation from other strategic marketing decisions, so, for example, a strategy that seeks a premium price position must be matched by product development strategy that creates a superior product and a promotional strategy that establishes in buyers minds the value that the product offers. Adrian (2000) then explained the relation between pricing strategy and the concept of positioning, where a strategy that combined high price with low quality may be regarded by customers as poor value and they are likely to desert such companies where they have a choice of suppliers. For most companies, such a strategy is not sustainable. A high quality/low price strategic position may appear very attractive to buyers, but it too may not be sustainable. Back to Blois et al (2000) where they highlighted how the price is also a component of the marketing mix and therefore impacts on overall sales via its contribution to the consumers perception of the products image. Pricing Objectives Marketing attempts to accomplish certain objectives through its pricing decisions. Research has shown that pricing objectives vary from firm to firm. Some companies try to maximize their profits by pricing their offerings very high. Others use low prices to attract new business. (Palmer, 2000) As per Palmer (2000); the three basic categories of pricing objectives are: Profitability Objectives Profit maximization is the basis of much of economic theory. However, it is often difficult to apply in practice, and many firms have turned to a simpler profitability objective-the target return goal. For example, a firm might specify the goal of a 9 percent return on sales or a 20 percent return on investment. Most target return pricing goals state the desired profitability in terms of a return on either sales or investment. Volume Objectives Another example of pricing strategy is sales maximization, under which management sets an acceptable minimum level of profitability and then tries to maximize sales. Sales expansion is viewed as being more important than short run profits to the firms long-term competitive position. A second volume objective is market share; the percentage of a market controlled by a certain company, product, or service. One firm may seek to achieve a 25 percent market share in a certain industry. Another may want to maintain or expand its market share for particular products or product lines. Social Objectives Objectives not related to profitability or sales volume; can be either of social and/or ethical considerations, status quo objectives, and image goals are often used in pricing decisions. Social and ethical considerations play an important role in some pricing situations. For example, the price of some goods and services is based on the intended consumers ability to pay. For example, some union dues are related to the income of the members. Internal factors affecting pricing Company objectives and strategies An essential ingredient of effective prices is their consistency with company objectives and overall marketing strategy. The realization of company objectives necessitates the development of an overall marketing strategy. To be effective and efficient, the companys pricing decisions must fit into this strategy, and be in line with decisions on other marketing-mix elements. Also, prices should not be set as an afterthought. Reflections on appropriate prices should occur at the time the product, communication, and distribution are conceived, because the different instruments of the mix have a synergetic influence on the market. There is ample evidence that the impact of pricing strategies and structures depends on the companies communication and distribution approach and on the products characteristics. (Blois, Gijsbrechts, Campo, Oxford Textbook of Marketing, 2000) Costs Costs have traditionally played a major role in pricing decisions. They constitute a basic ingredient for setting a price floor or lower boundary on acceptable prices. Cost Classification Costs can be classified along different dimensions. (Blois, Gijsbrechts, Campo, Oxford Textbook of Marketing, 2000) First Dimension First dimension concerns the degree to which costs can be directly attributed to specific products; where costs can be either direct traceable, indirect traceable or general costs. Direct traceable costs can be immediately associated with individual products, such as the cost of raw materials. Indirect traceable costs are not directly linked to, but can with some effort be traced back to, individual products, such as the cost of filling shelves is illustrative of this type. General costs, finally, cannot be linked to specific products, such as administrative overhead costs. Assessing direct traceable costs, and attributing indirect traceable costs, are important for pricing. Second Dimension Equally crucial is the distinction between variable and fixed costs. Which of these components should enter the pricing decision depends on the companys objective. For profit-maximizing companies, fixed cost may not affect optimal prices. Yet, for not-for-profit companies maximizing sales or participation subject to a deficit constraint, fixed cost may have a major effect on feasible outcomes. The companys time horizon also has a fundamental impact on the costs to be considered. Whether costs are fixed or variable depends on the time frame adopted by the company. Third Dimension Cost dynamics; where Short-term costs may differ from long-term cost levels as a result of changes in the scale of company operations. Economies of scale arise if the cost per unit decreases with the output level in a given period. This could be the result of the facility to share corporate resources across products, the use of more efficient (large-scale) production facilities, long production runs, access to volume discounts in purchases, or shipment in full carload or truckload lots. Experience effects are a second major source of declining production costs. Linkage between cost and pricing strategy As argued above, costs are related to price floors: they typically set a lower bound on prices. The contribution margin for a product equals its price minus its unit variable cost: if negative, selling the product at that price leads to a loss; if positive, at least part of the fixed cost can be recovered. While this principle seems utterly simple, the foregoing discussion illustrates that the determination and quantification of all relevant costs may be far from evident. The notion of costs as a price floor is blurred by product inter-dependencies, cost dynamics, cost allocation over channel members and company subsidiaries, and the pursuit of multiple company objectives. Yet, knowledge of basic cost components remains a crucial input to the pricing decision, and companies should strive for a complete picture of various cost issues. (Blois, Gijsbrechts, Campo, Oxford Textbook of Marketing, 2000) External factors affecting pricing AS well as there are internal factors that affect the firm, there are also many external factors that affect the firm that must be taken into account when prices are set. It is useful to consider these in four groups; first the characteristics of the customers themselves and then three aspects of the environment within which the firm operates. (Blois, Gijsbrechts, Campo, Oxford Textbook of Marketing, 2000) Customer characteristics Price-volume relationship (price sensitivity) The customers price sensitivity is usually measured by the price elasticity; the price elasticity is the relative change in demand (sales) resulting from a relative change in the unit price of the product. The price elasticity is affected by four factors; firstly, measured price sensitivities depend on how demand is quantified: market-share changes in response to price are typically larger than sales changes. Secondly, the nature of the price change affects elasticity outcomes. Market reactions to a regular price change may be different from response to temporary promotional price cuts. Thirdly, the level of price elasticity depends on distribution and communication, but especially on product characteristics. Products or services with a unique brand value are said to be less sensitive to price changes. Finally, price elasticity changes over the product life cycle (PLC). The traditional view is that price sensitivity increases as the product evolves over the life cycle, price sensitiv ity first declines as the product moves from the introduction to the growth and maturity stage, and then increases in the decline phase of the PLC. Individual consumers The traditional microeconomic picture of a consumer who correctly registers all prices and price changes, and acts rationally upon them so as to maximize his utility, has been falsified for quite some time. Consumers are heterogeneous in their levels of price search, knowledge, and recall accuracy. Consumers also differ in the location of their acceptable price range: they have different upper and lower price limits, different reference price levels, and different latitudes of acceptance around the reference price. A wide range of factors may explain these differences. Economic factors, such as perceived price differences, budget restrictions, and income levels, are a first source of heterogeneity. Search and transaction costs stemming from time constraints, mobility restrictions, age, household composition, and location, also affect consumer price processing and evaluation. Thirdly, human-capital characteristics such as time-management skills and basic knowledge may come into play. Fourthly, the level of price processing depends on the expected psychosocial returns from price information collection and product adoption, which are often related to culture and peer group. Finally, consumer traits like variety-seeking versus loyalty cause consumers to react differently to prices. As will be argued in subsequent sections, recognition of consumer heterogeneity is crucial for effective pricing: managers should exploit these differences in the development of pricing strategies and tactics. Industrial customers Industrial decision is believed to be more rational and based on more complete information. Price would, for example, be less often used as a quality signal in industrial settings. Other factors such as the importance in the total cost of the end product and the importance in the functioning of the end product are deemed more important determinants of the price sensitivity of industrial buyers than of individual consumers. Competitive environment In determining prices, the competitive environment should explicitly be accounted for. The level of demand associated with a given company price strongly depends on prevailing competitive prices. Moreover, in a dynamic setting, not only must current prices of competitors be taken into account, but so should competitive reactions. Competitive retaliation may attenuate pricing effects. It could even provoke price wars where prices of all market players are systematically reduced, possibly to unprofitable levels. Careful analysis of competition is, therefore, a prerequisite for effective pricing. Channel environment Most companies operate within a marketing channel: they obtain products, components, and/or materials from suppliers; and many pass their products onto intermediaries before they reach the end-users. The characteristics of the channel, and the (associated) reactions of channel members, strongly affect the nature of the pricing problem as well as the effectiveness of alternative pricing strategies, structures, and instruments. Legal environment In setting prices, managers must be aware of legal constraints that restrict their decision freedom such as: Consumer pricing regulations Governments can influence final consumer prices indirectly by means of VAT rates. They can also control prices directly by imposing price ceilings or price floors for specific product categories. Besides imposing restrictions on absolute price levels, governments can limit the freedom of co

Biography of Wayne Shorter :: Musicians Music Jazz Saxophonists Essays

Biography of Wayne Shorter Wayne Shorter was born on August 25th, 1933 in Newark, New Jersey. His musical introduction came through the clarinet at the age of 16. Shorter attended Arts High School and later graduated from New York University with a major in music education in 1956. It was while in New York that Shorter started to play the saxophone and gained exposure to some of Jazz’s most influential artists. After a two year interruption in the military, Shorter kickstarted his professional career in 1958 with a band led by pianist Horace Silver. The band showcased Shorter’s talents and led to his invitation to join the Maynard Ferguson band and later Art Blakey’s Jazz Messengers. After 4 years with Blakey, the Vee-Jay label endorsed Shorter as one of their lead artists and he released his first three solo albums (Second Genesis, Blues A La Carte, and Wayning Moments). In the 1960s, he continued to win attention from audiences and recorded another 9 albums with Blue Notes label (ch eck album information links). In 1964, Miles Davis invited Wayne to play with his quintet composed of Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter and Tony Williams. The band was successful in shaping the direction of jazz music during a difficult social time. In 1970, Shorter started his own band, the Weather Report with Joe Zawinul and Miroslav Vitous. This band helped innovate jazz by integrating a rock, classical and jazz forms into a hybrid that would later be called fusion. During the Weather Report years, Shorter won the first of three career grammies. Shorter’s influence has continued through the present day. Last year, at the age of 69, he toured the Wayne Shorter Quartet and showcased his first acoustic album, Footprints Live. Wayne Shorter’s contributions to the Jazz world have spanned his entire 45-year career.

John Proctor Cruicible

The hysteria of witchcraft fills the streets of Salem, Massachusetts with rumors and accusations leading to the hanging of nineteen innocent people. Arthur Miller uses this tragedy to resemble the same stupidity of the accusations of the infiltration of communists in the United States throughout the sass's.To display the absurdness of the accusations, Miller had to create a protagonist with non-conformist views that would defy the Insanity raised by the fictitious experiences of witchcraft. Miller creates the character John Proctor, a fictional character who does not conform to the madness of Salem. At times he may seem like a bad man trying to do a good deed, but, on the contrary, Is quite a good man. Through the actions after his affair with Abigail, by defending his wife, and by standing up for his religious and personal viewpoints, John Proctor proves that he is indeed a good man.It cannot be denied that John Proctor had an affair with Abigail Williams. He did something wrong and his actions haunt him throughout the play. He did break the sixth commandment, but because he is a sinner does not mean he is a terrible man. Everyone has sinned, and they cannot try and change that. It is how they deal with sin that defies who they are. John Proctor shows that he Is not bad by having the feeling of guilt. For without guilt, it would mean that what he did, in his eyes did not feel wrong. This Is not the case because during act one, while Proctor Is Introduced,Abigail tempts him while they are alone. Abigail: Give me a word John. A soft word. Her concentrated desire destroys his smile. John: No, no, Baby. That's done with. (Miller 22) Proctor denies all temptations that would lead to the feeling of guilt later on, showing his good morals as well as his love for Elizabeth still exists. Even though John betrayed Elizabeth, he still loves her and will protect her no matter the circumstances. One Instance that Proctor could easily be ridden of his wife Is let her be tak en and then eventually get with Abigail.It seems a bit preposterous, but is reactions are those of any good man in that he defends his wife. Cheaper asks, Cheaper: Now, woman, will you please to come with me? John: She will not! (73) He defends Elizabeth as well in court by giving up his good name to try and soil Abigail. Even when they tell him that Elizabeth has been given a year for pregnancy to have a baby, this does not stop him because he wants to try and free all of the wrongly accused. Although, even after he confesses to the affair, his wife defends him by not telling the truth.This shows that throughout everything that happens an intelligent woman such as Elizabeth still loves John. She knows that John made a mistake, but he is still the good man that she fell in love with. In loving Elizabeth, John cares for her when she is sick. The care for his wife leads to many absences in church. Only attending â€Å"twenty-six time in seventeen month† (64) can be assumed that it is not only Just because he cared for his wife, but because he did not care for the reverend. John's defiance of Reverend Paris at first seems to Just match Proctor's personality of rebelliousness.On the contrary, his defiance shows the DOD side of him. This shows that he believes that Paris' greed should have nothing to do with the church that he was so involved in before. He also is a strong believer that the place of worship does not matter, it's the quality of worship that usurps the location. This reveals that he truly cares enough about his religious beliefs that when he felt that Paris was not a good religious influence on his children he slowly began to go to church less and less. This ideology is shown during act two. Hale: Mr.. Proctor, your house is not a church; your theology must tell you that.John: It does, sir, it does; and it tells me that a minister may pray to God without he have a golden candlesticks upon the altar. (65) Proctor's first impression on the reade r is one of a flawed man. He slowly has to earn the reader's respect and becomes the good guy of the story. He supports his wife in her times of need. He defies all attempts by Abigail to spark another affair. He risks all he has to try and stand up for what he believes is right. Through his actions in The Crucible, John Proctor earned the respect he deserves and is shown as the good man that he truly is.

Is Reliable For A Perfect Health And As A Fitness...

Is bioptimizer reliable for a perfect health and as a fitness optimizer supplements? Introduction We are going to learn how to biologically optimize our body. One thing that you have to understand is that it doesn’t matter what age you are, gender or fitness level. All that matters is that your body becomes healthy. It all involves taking health supplements. There is nobody who desires to be unhealthy.Bioptimizer is meant to improve how each and every cell in our body runs and operates. There are many people out there who have felt discouraged or given up about feeling healthy and reenergized once more. If you are one of them, kindly don’t up because we have very good news for you. Are you ready for it? I bet you are. What is bioptimizer? Bioptimizer can be described as natural food supplements which increase the body’s capability to assimilate nutrients thus improving performance of the general body as a whole. Bioptimizer comes with different supplements. There are those supplements for weight loss, Best protein supplements. These supplements are very healthy for our body. The good thing about bioptimizers is that the results can be evidently seen. What is the need of using artificial drugs in order to achieve a nice body? All you need to do is follow few simple steps and you will achieve your greatest desire. How does bioptimizer work? This journey consists of three important steps that will help us achieve our desired goals. Namely: †¢ Assimilation †¢ Nutrification †¢